The skin has a pigmentation system governed by specific cells:
the melanocyte cells, which are responsible for the production of melanin – the pigment that gives skin its natural color. The higher the skin’s melanin content, the darker its color.
However, skin aging, excess sun exposure, certain hormonal factors (taking a birth-control pill, pregnancy, endocrinal disorders) and the use of photo-sensitizing substances (perfume, medication) can be the cause of upset melanin production.

This will result in the appearance of hyperpigmented skin areas more commonly known as “brown spots”, on the face, hands, neck and décolleté.

 

A genuine revolution in the field of brown spots, new scientific discoveries have helped identify a second pigment that plays a part in the appearance and intensity of brown spots: lipofuscin, an oxidized protein found in the upper layers of the skin.